TÜRK SİNEMASINDA LGBTIQ+ BİREYLERE YÖNELİK NAMUS CİNAYETLERİNİN KÜLTÜREL OLUMLAMASI

CULTURAL AFFIRMATION OF HONOR KILLINGS AGAINST LGBTIQ+ PEOPLE IN TURKISH CINEMA

Yazarlar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21267706

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Türk Sineması, LGBTIQ+, Namus Cinayeti, Hegemonik Erkeklik, Kültürel Olumlama

Özet

Bu çalışma, Türk sinemasında LGBTIQ+ bireylere yönelik şiddetin namus kavramı etrafında nasıl temsil edildiğini incelemektedir. Araştırmanın temel sorusu, namus cinayetlerinin sinemada hangi söylemsel araçlarla inşa edildiği ve bu inşanın hangi toplumsal düzen anlayışlarını yeniden ürettiğidir. Çalışmada eleştirel söylem analizi yöntemi kullanılmış ve örneklem olarak Güneşi Gördüm (2009) ile Zenne (2011) filmleri seçilmiştir. Analiz, namus söylemi, hegemonik erkeklik, mağdurun görünmez kılınması ve adalet eksikliği olmak üzere dört ana tema etrafında yürütülmüştür. Bulgular, her iki filmde de şiddetin bireysel bir sapma değil, aile namusunun korunması ve toplumsal düzenin sürdürülmesi için meşru bir araç olarak sunulduğunu göstermektedir. Zenne, gerçek bir olaya dayalı yapısıyla bu meşrulaştırmayı daha doğrudan ve sarsıcı biçimde ortaya koyarken, Güneşi Gördüm çok katmanlı aile ve göç anlatısı içinde benzer söylemleri daha dolaylı biçimde işlemektedir. Çalışma, sinemanın yalnızca toplumsal değerleri yansıtan değil, aynı zamanda onları yeniden üreten bir alan olarak işlev gördüğünü göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, bu inceleme LGBTIQ+ bireylere yönelik şiddetin kültürel bağlamdaki meşrulaştırılma biçimlerini görünür kılmakta ve namus kavramının toplumsal cinsiyet temelli şiddetle kesişimini sinema üzerinden tartışmaya açmaktadır.

Referanslar

Adam, B. D. (1998). Theorizing homophobia. Sexualities, 1(4), 387-404. https://doi.org/10.1177/136346098001004001

Amaya, J. F. S., & González, O. R. (2019). Introduction to the special issue: Challenges of LGBT research in the 21st century. International Sociology, 34(4, Special Issue: Challenges of LGBT research in the 21st century), 371-381. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580919856

Amnesty International. (2011). ‘Not an illness nor a crime’: Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people in Turkey demand equality. Amnesty International Ltd.

Amnesty International Türkiye. (2008). Ahmet Yıldız davası. Amnesty International Türkiye. 13.09.20204 tarihinde https://www.amnesty.org.tr/icerik/ahmet-yildiz-davasi adresinden alındı.

Arslan, R. (2016). Hande Kader cinayeti: Kimse sesimizi duymuyor. BBC News Türkçe. 14.09.2024 tarihinde https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-turkiye-37141548 adresinden alındı.

Baker, N. V., Gregware, P. R., & Cassidy, M. A. (1999). Family killing fields: Honor rationales in the murder of women. Violence Against Women, 5(2), 164-184. https://doi.org/10.1177/107780129952005

Bardakçı, M. (1997). O hamamlar ki, bir zamanlar dellâk tarifeleri bile vardı. Hürriyet. 08.09.2024 tarihinde https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/o-hamamlar-ki-bir-zamanlar-dell-k-tarifeleri-bile-vardi-39272792 adresinden alındı.

Bayrak, E. (2010). Ataerki - hukuk ilişkisi çerçevesinde Türkiye’de namus cinayetleri (Honor killings in Turkey within the context of patriarchy - law relationship) Ankara Üniversitesi. Ankara.

BBC. (2020). Is homophobic discourse on the rise in Turkey? BBC. 08.09.2024 tarihinde https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-turkiye-53249198 adresinden alındı.

BBC. (2023). Homosexuality: The countries where it is illegal to be gay. 08.09.2024 tarihinde https://www.bbc.com/news/world-43822234 adresinden alındı.

Birch, N. (2008). Was Ahmet Yildiz the victim of Turkey’s first gay honour killing? The Indipendent. 08.09.2024 tarihinde https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/was-ahmet-yildiz-the-victim-of-turkey-s-first-gay-honour-killing-871822.html adresinden alındı.

Boeckmann, R. J., & Turpin-Petrosino, C. (2002). Understanding the harm of hate crime. Journal of Social Issues, 58(2), 207-225. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-4560.00257

Bordwell, D., Thompson, K., & Smith, J. (2020). Film art: an introduction (12th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

Bowling, B. (1993). Racial harassment and the process of victimization: Conceptual and methodological implications for the local crime survey British Journal of Criminology, 33(2), 231-250. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a048299

Britton, D. M. (1990). Homophobia and homosociality: an analysis of boundary maintenance. The Sociological Quarterly, 31(3), 423-439. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4120971

Bursa’da Bugün. (2013). Eşcinsel diye vahşice öldürdüler. Bursa’da Bugün. 08.09.2024 tarihinde https://www.bursadabugun.com/haber/escinsel-diye-vahsice-oldurduler-326809.html adresinden alındı.

Butler, J. (1999). Gender trouble: feminism and the subversion of identity. Routledge.

Chandler, D., & Munday, R. (2011). A Dictionary of media and communication. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780199568758.001.0001

Churchill, R. P. (2018). Women in the crossfire: Understanding and ending honor killing. Oxford University Press.

Civanoğlu, B. (2010). “Koca dünyayı oğluma dar ettiler”. Haber Türk. 08.09.2024 tarihinde https://www.haberturk.com/yasam/haber/554688-koca-dunyayi-ogluma-dar-ettiler adresinden alındı.

Connell, R. W., & Messerschmidt, J. W. (2005). Hegemonic Masculinity: rethinking the Concept. Gender & Society, 19(6), 829-859. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243205278639

Davis, T. J. (2008). Homophobia and media representations of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people. C. M. Renzetti & J. L. Edleson (Ed.) içinde, Encyclopedia of interpersonal violence. volumes 1 & 2 (pp. 338-339). SAGE Publications, Inc.

Doğan, R. (2014). Different cultural understandings of honor that inspire killing: An inquiry into the defendant’s perspective. Homicide Studies, 18(4), 363-388. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088767914526717

East Cambridgeshire District Council. (2024). Types of hate crime. East Cambridgeshire District Council. 28.08.2024 tarihinde https://www.eastcambs.gov.uk/content/types-hate-crime adresinden alındı.

Eisner, M., & Ghuneim, L. (2013). Honor killing attitudes amongst adolescents in Amman, Jordan. Aggressive Behavior, 39(5, September‐October), 405-417. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21485

Eke, N. P. (2016). Beyazperdede ‘Öteki’ Olmak: ‘Dönersen Islık Çal’ Filmi Üzerine Bir İnceleme. SineFilozofi, 1(2), 97-124. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/sinefilozofi/issue/29284/313525

Elmacıoğlu, G. (2023). Kaos GL “lgbti+’ların insan hakları raporları” bağlamında Türkiye’de lgbti+ hareketi ve haklarının kurumsal homofobi açısından durum analizi. Mülkiye Dergisi, 47(1), 140-169.

European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. (2009). Hate speech and hate crimes against lgbt persons. https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/1226-Factsheet-homophobia-hate-speech-crime_EN.pdf

Fairclough, N. (2010). Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical Study of Language (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315834368

Farrell, A., & Lockwood, S. (2023). Addressing hate crime in the 21st century: Trends, threats, and opportunities for intervention. Annual Review of Criminology(6), 107-130. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-criminol-030920-091908

Flores, A. R., Stotzer, R. L., Meyer, I. H., & Langton, L. L. (2022). Hate crimes against lgbt people: National crime victimization survey, 2017-2019. PLoS ONE, 17(12), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279363

Fone, B. (2000). Homophobia: a history. Metropolitan Books.

Forstein, M. (2013). Homophobia: an overview. Psychiatric Annals, 18(1), 33-36. https://doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-19880101-10

Foucault, M. (1978). The history of sexuality I-II-III (R. Hurley, Trans.; 1st American ed.). Pantheon Books.

Gerbaka, B., Richa, S., & Tomb, R. (2021). Child sexual abuse, exploitation and trafficking in the Arab region. In 978-3-030-66506-7978-3-030-66507-4. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66507-4

Gill, A. (2010). Reconfiguring ‘honour’-based violence as a form of gendered violence. M. M. Idriss & T. Abbas (Ed.) içinde, Honour, violence, women and Islam (pp. 218-231). Routledge-Cavendish. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203846988

Girshick, L. B. (2008). Homophobia. C. M. Renzetti & J. L. Edleson (Ed.) içinde, Encyclopedia of interpersonal violence. volumes 1 & 2 (pp. 336-338). SAGE Publications, Inc.

Githens, R. P. (2009). Capitalism, identity politics, and queerness converge: lgbt employee resource groups. New Horizons in Adult Education and Human Resource Development, 23(3), 18-31.

Gross, K., & Goldman, S. (2003). Framing hate: A comparison of media coverage of anti-gay hate crime in the Washington Post and Washington Blade. annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia, PA.

Grzyb, M. (2016). An explanation of honour-related killings of women in Europe through Bourdieu’s concept of symbolic violence and masculine domination. Current Sociology, 64(7), 1036-1053. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392115627479

Hall, N. (2013). Hate crime (2nd ed.). Routledge.

Hall, S. (1997). Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices. Open University Press.

Hamzaoğlu, M. (2024). Honor killings in traditional societies: Revisiting the case of Türkiye after Istanbul Convention withdrawal. Lectio Socialis, 8(2), 73-98. https://doi.org/10.47478/lectio.1454452

Hamzaoğlu, M., & Konuralp, E. (2019). The phenomenon of honour and honour killing in traditional societies: The example of Turkey. Istanbul University Journal of Women’s Studies 1(18), 51-65. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/718108

Hardy, S.-J., & Chakraborti, N. (2020). Blood, threats and fears: The hidden worlds of hate crime victims. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31997-7

Hayes, B. E., Mills, C. E., Freilich, J. D., & Chermak, S. M. (2018). Are honor killings unique? A comparison of honor killings, domestic violence homicides, and hate homicides by far-right extremists. Homicide Studies, 22(1), 70-93. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088767917736796

Henry, T. K., Hayes, B. E., Freilich, J. D., & Chermak, S. (2018). Comparison of honor killings to anti-LGBTQ homicides. Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/JACPR-09-2017-0318

Herek, G. M. (1984). Beyond “homophobia”: A social psychological perspective on attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. Journal of Homosexuality 10(1-2), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v10n01_01

Herek, G. M. (1987). Our heterosexual masculinity: Some psychological consequences of the socialconstruction of gender and sexuality. M. S. Kimmel (Ed.) içinde, Changing men: New Directions in Research on Men and Masculinity. Sage Publications, Inc.

Herek, G. M. (1989). Hate crimes against lesbians and gay men: Issues for research and policy. American Psychologist, 44(6), 948-955. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.6.948

Herek, G. M. (1990). The context of anti-Gay violence: Notes on cultural and psychological heterosexism. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 5(3), 316-333. https://doi.org/10.1177/088626090005003006

Herek, G. M. (1992). The social context of hate crimes: Notes on cultural heterosexism. G. M. Herek & K. T. Berrill (Ed.) içinde, Hate crimes: Confronting violence against lesbians and gay men (pp. 89-104). SAGE Publications, Inc.

Herek, G. M., Cogan, J. C., & Gillis, J. R. (2002). Victim experiences in hate crimes based on sexual orientation. Journal of Social Issues, 58(2), 319-339. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-4560.00263

Herek, G. M., Gillis, J. R., & Cogan, J. C. (1999). Psychological sequelae of hate-crime victimization among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adult. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67(6), 945-951. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-006x.67.6.945

Human Dignity Trust. (2024). Map of countries that criminalise lgbt people. Human Dignity Trust. https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/?type_filt

er_submitted=&type_filter%5B%5D=crim_lgbt

Husseini, R. (2009). Murder in the name of honor: The true story of one woman’s heroic fight against an unbelievable crime. Oneworld Publications.

Iganski, P. (2008). ‘Hate crime’ and the city. The Policy Press.

Jacobs, J. B., & Henry, J. S. (1996). The social construction of a hate crime epidemic. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 86(2), 366-391.

Jafri, A. H. (2008). Honour killing: Dilemma, ritual, understanding.

Jenness, V., & Grattet, R. (2001). Making hate a crime: From social movement to law enforcement. Russell Sage Foundation. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7758/9781610443142

Kaos GL. (2011). Engin temel cinayetinde önemli gelişme. Kaos GL. 06.09.2011 tarihinde https://kaosgl.org/haber/engin-temel-cinayetinde-onemli-gelisme adresinden alındı.

Karakaş, B. (2015). Çağla Joker’in katil zanlısına yaş indiriminden sonra bir de ‘haksız tahrik’ indirimi. Diken. https://www.diken.com.tr/cagla-jokerin-katil-zanlisina-yas-indiriminden-sonra-bir-de-haksiz-tahrik-indirimi/

Kress, G., & van Leeuwen, T. (2020). Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design (3rd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003099857

Kulwicki, A. D. (2002). The practice of honor crimes: A glimpse of domestic violence in the Arab world. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 23, 77-87. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840252825491

Kuraner, E. (2002). Celebrations of love: Women denounce honor killings in Turkey Off Our Backs, 32(3/4, March-April), 28-29. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20837543

Lawrence, F. M. (1999). Punishing hate: Bias crimes under American law. Harvard University Press.

Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Lowe, M., Khan, R., Thanzami, V., Barzy, M., & Karmaliani, R. (2021). Anti-gay “honor” abuse: A multinational attitudinal study of collectivist- versus individualist-orientated populations in Asia and England. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(15-16), 7866-7885. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519838493

Lyons, C. J. (2008). Individual perceptions and the social construction of hate crimes: A factorial survey. The Social Science Journal, 45, 107-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2007.12.013

McCormack, M. (2012). The declining significance of homophobia: How teenage boys are redefining masculinity and heterosexuality. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199778249.001.0001

McDevitt, J., Levin, J., & Bennett, S. (2002). Hate crime offenders: An expanded typology. Journal of Social Issues, 58(2), 303-317.

Metropolitan Police. (2024). What is hate crime? Metropolitan Police. 28.08.2024 tarihinde https://www.met.police.uk/ro/report/hate-crime/information/v1/hate-crime/what-is-hate-crime/ adresinden alındı.

Mojab, S., & Abdo, N. (2004). Violence in the name of honour theoretical and political challenges. İstanbul Bilgi University Library Press.

Muižnieks, N. (2015). Comprehensive approach addressing hate crime and violence against lgbti people. 09.09.2024 tarihinde https://rm.coe.int/comprehensive-approach-addressing-hate-crime-and-violence-against-lgbt/16806da825 adresinden alındı.

New York City Office for the Prevention of Hate Crimes. (2024). What is a hate crime? The Official Website of the City of New York. https://www.nyc.gov/assets/cchr/downloads/pdf/materials/OPHC_WhatIsAHateCrime_FINAL.pdf

Okumuş, F. (2022). Sinema Tarihi Çalışmaları ile Türk Sinema Tarihi Yazmaları. Türkiye İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi(41), 295-312. https://doi.org/10.17829/turcom.1121650

OMCT. (2024). Crimes against women committed in the name of honour https://www.omct.org/files/2004/03/2192/honourcrimespresentation.pdf

OSCE ODIHR. (2015). Understanding hate crimes: A handbook for Ukraine The OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR). 07.09.2024 tarihinde www.osce.org/odihr adresinden alındı.

OSCE ODIHR. (2022). Anti-lgbti hate crime. OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) Tolerance and Non-Discrimination Department. 08.09.2024 tarihinde https://hatecrime.osce.org/anti-lgbti-hate-crime adresinden alındı.

Oxford Reference. (2024). Homophobia. Oxford University Press. 07.09.2024 tarihinde https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095943403 adresinden alındı.

Özarslan, Z., & Dağlı, S. P. (1922). Orientalist imagery and gaze in the films il bagno turco, zenne dancer, and auf der anderen seite. Moment Hacettepe Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Kültürel Çalışmalar Dergisi, 9(1), 92-114. https://doi.org/10.17572/mj2022.1.92114

Parrott, D. J., & Peterson, J. L. (2008). What motivates hate crimes based on sexual orientation? mediating effects of anger on antigay aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 34(3, May/June), 306-318. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20239

Perry, B. (2001). In the name of hate: understanding hate crimes. Routledge.

Perry, B. (2003). Introduction. In B. Perry (Ed.), Hate and Bias Crime: A Reader (pp. xv-xviii). Routledge.

Rinaldi, C. (2020). Homophobic conduct as normative masculinity test: Victimization, male hierarchies, and heterosexualizing violence in hate crimes. A. Balloni & R. Sette (Ed.) içinde, Handbook of research on trends and issues in crime prevention, rehabilitation, and victim support (pp. 100-123). IGI Global.

Roulstone, A., & Mason-Bish, H. (2013). Introduction: Disability, hate crime and violence. A. Roulstone & H. Mason-Bish (Ed.) içinde, Disability, hate crime and violence (pp. 1-8). Routledge.

Sakalli, N. (2002). Application of the attribution-value model of prejudice to homosexuality. The Journal of Social Psychology, 142(2), 264-271. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224540209603899

Sansal, B. (2020). LGBTQ rights in Turkey: Do not touch my body! H. Aydın & W. Langley (Ed.) içinde, Human rights in Turkey: Assaults on human dignity. Springer Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57476-5

Seccombe, W. (1995). Weathering the storm: Working-class families from the industrial revolution to the fertility decline (Paperback ed.). Verso.

Sheffield, C. (1995). Hate violence. P. Rothenberg (Ed.) içinde, Race, class, and gender in the United States: An integrated study (3rd ed., pp. 432-441). St. Martin’s Press.

Stam, R., Burgoyne, R., & Flitterman-Lewis, S. (2002). New Vocabularies in Film Semiotics: Structuralism, Post-structuralism, and Beyond (Reprinted ed.). Routledge.

Sullaway, M. (2004). Psychological perspectives on hate crime laws. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 10(3), 250-292.

Tewksbury, R., Grossi, E. L., Suresh, G., & Helms, J. (1999). Hate crimes against gay men and lesbian women: A routine activity approach for predicting victimization risk. Humanity and Society, 23(2), 125-142. https://doi.org/10.1177/016059769902300203

The Council of Europe. (2019). Istanbul convention - Crimes committed in the name of so-called “honour” (2019). https://edoc.coe.int/en/violence-against-women/7840-istanbul-convention-crimes-committed-in-the-name-of-so-called-honour.html

The Indiana University Bloomington Libraries. (2023). Introduction to queer theory. The Indiana University Bloomington Libraries. 07.09.2024 tarihinde https://guides.libraries.indiana.edu/c.php?g=995240&p=8361766 adresinden alındı.

Turner, L., Whittle, S., & Combs, R. (2009). Transphobic hate crime in the European Union. https://www.ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/transphobic_hate_crime_in_the_european_union_0.pdf

Turpin-Petrosino, C. (2015). Understanding hate crimes: Acts, motives, offenders, victims, and justice. Routledge.

U.S. Department of Justice. (2024). Learn about hate crimes. U.S. Department of Justice. 07.09.2024 tarihinde https://www.justice.gov/hatecrimes/learn-about-hate-crimes adresinden alındı.

Ünkap, Ö. (2009). Türkiye’de namus adına işlenen cinayetler: Mücadele ve kazanımlar KAMER örneği. İstanbul Üniversitesi. İstanbul. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=k2jQIjrQIvFzoJ7z__c59g&no=hCI460nCg-Okpy5d7HYyRw

Van de Ven, P. (1995). Talking with juvenile offenders about gay males and lesbians: Implications for combating homophobia. Adolescence, 30(117), 19-42.

van Dijk, T. A. (2001). Critical discourse analysis. D. Tannen, D. Schiffrin, & H. Hamilton (Ed.) içinde, Handbook of discourse analysis (pp. 352-371). Blackwell.

Volpp, L. (2019). Protecting the nation from ‘honor killings’: The construction of a problem. Constitutional Commentary, 34, 133-169. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3381433

Weinberg, G. H. (1972). Society and the healthy Homosexual. St. Martin’s Press.

Williams, L. M. (2008). Honor killing/crime. C. M. Renzetti & J. L. Edleson (Eds) içinde, Encyclopedia of interpersonal violence. volumes 1 & 2 (pp. 339). SAGE Publications, Inc.

Wodak, Ruth, & Meyer, M. (2016). Methods for Critical Discourse Analysis (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications Ltd.

Yavuz, S. (2001). Bir yılda dokuz eşcinsel öldürüldü. Hürriyet. 07.09.2024 tarihinde https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/bir-yilda-dokuz-escinsel-olduruldu-39234279 adresinden alındı.

Yıldız, E. (2014). Cruising politics: Sexuality, solidarity and modularity after Gezi. In U. Ozk1nmh (Ed.), The making of a protest movement in Turkey: #occupygezi (pp. 103-120). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137413789.0011

Young, I. M. (2002). Lived body vs gender: reflections on social structure and subjectivity. Ratio, 15(4), 410-428. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9329.00200

Yurdakul, G., & Korteweg, A. C. (2013). Gender equality and immigrant integration: Honor killing and forced marriage debates in the Netherlands, Germany, and Britain. Women’s Studies International Forum, 41(3), 204-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2013.07.011

Yükler, S. (2022). How were LGBTI+ people criminalized in the period after leaving the Istanbul convention? 07.09.2024 tarihinde https://tr.boell.org/tr/2022/06/24/istanbul-sozlesmesinden-cikilan-surecte-lgbtilar-nasil-kriminalize-edildi adresinden alındı.

Akşam. (2013). Eşcinsel R. Ç. cinayeti sil baştan. Akşam. 02.09.2024 tarihinde https://www.aksam.com.tr/guncel/escinsel-rc-cinayeti-sil-bastan/haber-209151 adresinden alındı.

Healthy Surrey. (2024). Hate crime. Healthy Surrey. 28.08.2024 tarihinde https://www.healthysurrey.org.uk/community-safety/hate-crime adresinden alındı.

Sabah. (2013). Oğlum eşcinseldi, öldürdüm!. Sabah. 06.09.2024 tarihinde https://www.sabah.com.tr/yasam/oglum-escinseldi-oldurdum-2409736 adresinden alındı.

Kaymakçı, K. (2011). Muhteşem absürtlük! Haber Türk. 07.09.2024 tarihinde https://www.haberturk.com/yazarlar/kadir-kaymakci/590322-muhtesem-absurtluk adresinden alındı.

Günerbüyük, Ç. (2013). Hamamın namusu. Evrensel. 08.09.2024 tarihinde https://www.evrensel.net/haber/63943/hamamin-namusu adresinden alındı.

İndir

Yayınlanmış

2026-07-13

Nasıl Atıf Yapılır

GÜROCAK, T. (2026). TÜRK SİNEMASINDA LGBTIQ+ BİREYLERE YÖNELİK NAMUS CİNAYETLERİNİN KÜLTÜREL OLUMLAMASI: CULTURAL AFFIRMATION OF HONOR KILLINGS AGAINST LGBTIQ+ PEOPLE IN TURKISH CINEMA. Socrates Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Researches, 12(67), 80–105. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21267706